Wrench



(No Model.)

H. HAMMOND. WRENCH.

No. 449,410. PatentedMar. 31, 1891.

UNITED STATES PATENT Orrtcn.

HENRY HAMMOND, Oh NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 449,410, dated March 31, 1891. Application filed February 24, 1890. serial No. 341,441. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY HAMMOND, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented newa-nd useful Improvements in Pipe and other Wrenches, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to wrenches, the object being to provide a pipe-wrench, or one especially adapted to turning cylindrical objects, of improved construction as to solidity and convenience of manipulation; and the invention consists in the peculiar construction and arrangement of the various parts of the wrench, all as hereinafter fully desci ibed,

and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a pipewrench constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a side view, partly in section, of the wrench above the handle thereof. Fig. 3 is a sectional view about on line 3 3, Fig. 1. Fig. at is a sectional view on line 4. i, Fig. 2.

In the drawings, the lower end of which the usual handle K is attached, and having its upper end'serrated, as at 1 to form the fixed jaw of the wrench, and the inner curved corner of the said serrated head on the bar A is serrated, as at w, for engagement with like serrations w on the inner edge of the shank of the clamp-bar 12, as below described. Said bar A has also the circular joint-recesses c c in in its sides, near its outer end, which receive therein the joint-ears 5 of the clamp-supporting frame B, the latter being pivotally connected near one end to the wrench-bar by the pin 6, which passes through said ears and the body A, near its head, as shown. The said clamp-supporting frame B consists of a tubular body 9, internally screw-threaded with a right-hand screw d (see Figs. 2 and 4) for a portion of its length, and at or near its lower end it is provided with a yoke 8, through which the wrench-bar A passes, said yoke serving to connect the lower end of the clam pframe B loosely to said wrench-bar, thus permitting said lower end to have a limited swinging motion toward and from the side of said bar, such as is requisite in the operation of a pipe-wrench embodying the construction A is the wrenchbar, to

herein described, and to provide for the below-described action of the parts in grasping a cylindrical tube or bar for the purpose of forcibly turning the same. A spring at is iigidly secu red by one end to the outer edge of the wrench-bar A, and its free end enters said yoke 8, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, said spring serving to hold the lower end of the clamp-frame l3 normally against one edge of said bar A and to return it to such position when it shall have been swung away from said bar in operating the wrench.

The clamp of the wrench consists of the movable head thereof 7, having the side thereof opposite the serrations y on the end of the bar A serrated, as shown, but having the edges of said serrations pointing in a reverse direction to those on the end of said bar, said. head '7 being rigid upon the outer end of a clamp bar 12, which enters the clamp-frame B, as shown, the lower end of said bar 12 being made of cylindrical form, whereby the shank 10 is produced, and said shank is screwthreaded with a left-hand screw preferably. The said screw-threaded shank 10 is made of such diameter as will permit of the operation therebetween and the adjoining inner wall of the clamp-frame B of a tubular nut, as below described. It will be observed that when the movable head 7 of the clamp is brought to a position against the serrated end of the wrench-bar A the said screw-threaded shank 10 extends considerably below the lower end of the clamp-frame B.

For the purpose of operating the said clamp of the wrench with ease and rapidity a tubular nut 13, having a grooved head 14. thereon for grasping the same, is provided to be screwed into the lower end of the clampframe B, said nut having thereon a righthanded screw-thread, or one running in the opposite direction from that on the shank 10 of the clam p-bar12. Said nut 13 is provided on its inner wall with an annular enlargement 0, in which is cut a screw-thread conforming to the said left-hand thread on the shank 10 of the clamp-bar 12, said enlargement thus constituting a nut for said shank.

By means of the above-described doublenut construction the operation thereof in the frame B results in an acceleration of movement of the said clamp parts, whereby the movable head 7 is carried from and toward the fixed jaw of the wrench with a speed about twice that of said nut 13, thereby providing for aquick adjustment of the movable head, and the said nut-head it is in such convenient proximity to the end of the handle K of the wrench adjoining said head that the wrench is conveniently held by one hand to engage it with a pipe or other thing to be turned, and by the thumb and finger of the same hand the nut 13 is conveniently turned to operate the movable head or jaw 7 of the wrench to clamp the pipe.

In. order to relieve the pivot-pin 6 and the pivoted parts of the wrench held thereby from the whole strain which may be brought thereupon by the tendency of the said movable head to separate from the serrated end of the wrench-bar A when the wrench is operated to turn a pipe or similar thing, the saidwrench-bar is provided with a shoulder 2 a little below the pivot-pin 6, (see Fig. 2,) which extends over and opposite to an abutment z in the inner side of the clamp-frame B. The said shoulder and abutment are adjusted to act closely one with the other, but to permit a perfect freedom of the swinging movement of said frame B; but should the strain upon the wrench under forcible operation, as aforesaid, be greater than the pivot-pin 6 can sustain without yielding more or less a slight movement ofthe said shoulder and abutment toward each other causes such an engagement thereof as at once relieves the strain upon said pivot-pin, and hence the pipe-engaging parts of the wrench are under all circumstances held rigidly to their operative positions.

As a further preventive to the aforesaid tendency of the movable and fixed jaws of the wrench to separate understrain, as aforesaid, the above-mentioned serrations w and w are formed, respectively, on the inner opposite edges of the wrench-bar A and the clamp -,bar 12, which serrations, when the wrench is operated to turn an object, as aforesaid, become engaged with each other, thereby tending to prevent the bar 12 from sliding on the rear edge or serrated corner of the serrated end of the wrench-bar A, for when the wrench is so operated the handle end of said bar A is swung away from the lower end of the clamp-bar 12, thereby causing the serrated portion to of the bar A to be brought forcibly against and in engagement with the serrated portion 20 of the inner edge of the clamp-bar 12.

lVhat I claim as my invention is 1. A pipe-wrench consisting of a wrenchbar having its outer end serrated to form a fixed jaw or head, combined with a tubular and internally-screw-threaded clamp-frame pivoted to said bar, having toward the handle end a laterally-extended yoke through which the wrench-bar passes, the movablehead having an externally-screw-threaded shank thereon loosely passed through said clamp-frame, a tubular nut both internally and externally screw-threaded and having simultaneously a screwthread engagement with said frame and shank, and a spring acting between the wrench-bar and yoke for normally maintaining the forward end of the clamp-frame toward the wrench-bar, for the purpose set forth.

2. A pipe or analogous wrench consisting of a wrench-bar having its outer end serrated to form a fixed head and having a portion of its inner edge serrated, as at to, combined with an internally-screw-threaded clampframe pivoted to and opposite one edge of said bar, having a yoke n ear its lower end through which the wrench-bar passes, the movable head having a shank thereon loosely entering said clamp-frame, the end portion of which is externallyscrew-threaded, and having its inner edge toward the head serrated, as at w, a tubular nut externally screw-threaded and provided internally with a thread-engaging projection, as 0, substantially as described, and said nut having a screw-threaded engagement simultaneously with said frame and shank, whereby said movable head is actuated, and a spring to swing the lower end of said frame toward the wrench-bar, substantially as set forth. I

3. A pipe or analogous wrench consisting of a wrench-bar having its outer end serrated to form a fixed head, combined with an intern ally-screw-threaded clamp-frame pivoted to and opposite one edge of said bar, having a yoke near its lower end, through which the wrench-bar passes, said bar and frame having, respectively, an interengaging shoulder a and abutment ,2", the movable head having a shank thereon entering said clamp-frame, the end of which is screw threaded, a tubular nut, substantially as described, engaging simultaneously with said frame and shank, whereby said movable head is actuated, and a spring to swing the lower end of said frame toward the wrench-bar, substantially as set forth.

HENRY HAMMOND.

Witnesses:

H. A. CHAPIN, WM. S. BELLows.

ICC 

